Mechanization, fertilization and staking options for environmentally sound yam production

2014

English

An on-station study at Fumesua and Ejura in Ghana with two yam varieties (Pona and Dente), seedbed option (ridge and mound) and NPK fertilizer rates (0, 45-45-60, 60-60-60 and 60-60-80 kg ha-1 N-P205-K20) revealed significant (p < 0.05) increases in soil carbon and phosphorus with fertilizer application to yam. Fertilized yam had acceptable culinary qualities. Another study on staking options using a promising non-staked yam line TDR95/19177 showed that non-staked yam resulted in a high (32.5%) yield reduction, suggesting the need for further plant breeding work. On–farm studies showed significant (P £ 0.05) interaction between fertilizer rate and seedbed preparation method on continuously cropped lands, with mechanised and manual ridging having significantly (p < 0.05) higher yam plant population (5,503-7,483 plants ha-1) than farmers’ mounding (4,219-4,579 plants ha-1), and a greater yield response to fertilizer. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was highest (2.7:1) when 45-45-60 kg ha-1 N-P205-K20 was applied to yam on ridges. On newly cleared fields, yam planted on ridges with trellis/minimum staking gave highest tuber yields and BCR of 3.8:1. Mechanised ridging for yam seedbed preparation fertilizer application and the significant reduction in the use of stakes will reduce drudgery and the contribution of yam production to deforestation and climate change.

Ennin, S. A.; Issaka, R. N.; Acheampong, P. P.; Numafo, M.; Danquah, E. O.